Frogs and toads (Anura)
Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | May - June | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
Body Weight - Mean | 0.02 | at metamorphosis | lbs | Not Reported | 48 | Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County | Exposure Factor Datasets | at metamorphosis | |
Body Weight - Mean | lbs | Not Reported | 5-13 | Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County | Exposure Factor Datasets | during 1st yr | |||
Body Weight - Mean | 0.46 | lbs | Not Reported | 5 | Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County | Exposure Factor Datasets | end of 2nd yr | ||
Body Weight - Mean | 0.52 | lbs | Not Reported | 5 | Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County | Exposure Factor Datasets | end of 3rd yr | ||
Body Weight - Mean | 0.58 | lbs | Not Reported | 3 | Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County | Exposure Factor Datasets | end of 4th yr | ||
Time of Torpor or Hibernation | Oct. - Mar. | Not Reported | Tadpole | Not Reported | Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
Body Weight - Mean | 0.64 | lbs | Not Reported | 6 | Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County | Exposure Factor Datasets | end of 5th yr |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Ingestion Rate | 2.33 | average weight of stomach contents for frogs with an average body weight of 106.3 g | g | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 42 | ponds, Hanover County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Food Ingestion Rate | 4.6 | average weight of stomach contents for frogs with an average body weight of 248.7 g | g | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 18 | ponds, Hanover County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Ingestion Rate | 3.3 | mean % body weight consumed per day, body weight mean = 55.8 g | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 4 mo post-transformation | Laboratory | |
Body Weight - Mean | 10.7 | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25 | Exposure Factor Datasets | newly transformed | Laboratory | ||
Body Weight - Mean | 17.5 | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1 mo post-transformation | Laboratory | ||
Body Weight - Mean | 29.8 | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2 mo post-transformation | Laboratory | ||
Body Weight - Mean | 42.4 | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 3 mo post-transformation | Laboratory | ||
Body Weight - Mean | 55.8 | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 4 mo post-transformation | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 0.23 | probability of survival (age x-1 to age x) | Male | Adult | Not Reported | Edwin S. George Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5 yrs |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | see citation | % frequency of 26 food items in stomach contents (family level) | Not Reported | Adult | 24 | Cranberry Lake Biological Station, Barber Point, Cranberry Lake | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Gastropoda (0.7%), Arachnida (0.2%), Crustacea (12.8%), Insecta (81.5%), Chilopoda (0.2%), Osteichthyes, Cyprinidae (8.7%), Ictaluridae (10.1%), Centrarchidae (2.9%), Amphibia (0.7%), Mammalia (0.5%) | Percent stomachs containing item | Not Reported | Not Reported | 415 | ponds, Comanche and Kiowa counties | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | Range of means | g | Not Reported | Tadpole | 41 - 194 | ponds, University of Kentucky, Lexington [lat.,38^o06'23"N; long., 84^o30'08"W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Taylor-Kollros stages II - IX | |
Body Weight - Mean | Range of means | g | Not Reported | Tadpole | 23 - 235 | ponds, University of Kentucky, Lexington [lat.,38^o06'23"N; long., 84^o30'08"W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Taylor-Kollros stages XVIII - XXI | |
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | June (begin), July - Aug. (peak), Oct. (end) | Tadpole transformation determined by presence of Taylor-Kollros stages XIX - XXIV | Not Reported | Tadpole | 3500 | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | Time to transformation after hatching from eggs | mo | Not Reported | Tadpole | 3500 | ponds, University of Kentucky, Lexington [lat.,38^o06'23"N; long., 84^o30'08"W] | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Countries | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Growth Rate | -0.0043 | mm/d | Male | 4 | Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5 yr | CANADA | 0.33534 SE | ||
Growth Rate | 0.0466 | mm/d | Female | 4 | Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 6 yr | CANADA | 0.02093 SE | ||
Growth Rate | 0.0038 | mm/d | Male | 4 | Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 6 yr | CANADA | 0.01654 SE | ||
Growth Rate | 0.0304 | mm/d | Female | 4 | Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 7 yr | CANADA | 0.02256 SE | ||
Age at Sexual Maturity | 5 | Average age at maturity, measured in years post-transformation | yr | Female | Adult | 567 | Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | ||
Age at Sexual Maturity | 3 | Average age at maturity, measured in years post-transformation | yr | Male | Adult | 567 | Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | see citation | figures of oxygen consumption of submerged tadpoles measured at various oxygen tensions and pre-metamorphic stages | ul/g/hr | Not Reported | Tadpole | 10/group | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Territory Size | 17.8 | Average distance between male frog and closest male neighbor within a chorus; also reported as a minimum territory radius of 9 ft. | ft | Male | Adult | 94 | Pond in E.S. George Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5.9 SD |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Coleoptera (2.3-6.5%), Wasps and bees (1.1-4.7%), Ants (0-3.5%), Homoptera (2.3-6.0%), Odonata (12.4-17.5%), Larval Lepidoptera (0.5-2.1%), Diptera (3.7-10.5%), Arachnids (0-3.2%), Miscellaneous terrestrial(10.5-11.1%), Hemiptera (19.2-23.2), Larval Odonata (3.4-5.0%), Larval Diptera (4.4-7.2%), Miscellaneous aquatic (1.9-7.4%), Frogs (5.1-14.5%), Metamorphosing Odonates (0-5.7%), Miscellaneous (1.8-7.3) | Percentage of bullfrog diet items | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 23-46 | Turkey Marsh, Kellogg Biological Station, Kalamazoo County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | range of mean body weights | g | Not Reported | Adult | 8 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |||
Metabolic Rate | 15.5 | Oxygen consumption measured at 5C, frogs acclimated at 5C, mean body weight = 646 g (25.5 SE) | ul O2/g/hr | Not Reported | Adult | 8 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.2 SE | Laboratory | |
Metabolic Rate | 53.3 | Oxygen consumption measured at 20C, frogs acclimated at 20C, mean body weight = 621 g (30.5 SE) | ul O2/g/hr | Not Reported | Adult | 8 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2.1 SE | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Decapoda: Astacidae (47.7%); Lepidoptera (19.0%); Coleoptera: Lampryidae (5.8%); Chrysomelidae (5.8%); Carabidae (4.1%); Curculionidae (0.3%); Chilopoda (7.7%); sand, gravel (1.2%); unidentified (1%) | % volume of stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 18 | Breathitt and Perry counties | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutches or Litters per year | Double clutching observed in 5 out of 73 females | clutches/yr | Female | Adult | 73 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surface Area | 15.09 | Mean total skin surface area measured by removing skin; air-breathing tadpole body weight 4.48 g +/- 0.31 SE | cm2 | Not Reported | Tadpole | 20 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.85 SE | Laboratory | |
Metabolic Rate | 5.9 | Mean total oxygen uptake at 20C (summed from skin and gill uptake), aquatic tadpole (stage IV-V) body weight = 3.6 g +/- 1.03 SE | umol O2/g/hr | Not Reported | Tadpole | 6 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.3 SE | Laboratory | |
Metabolic Rate | 6.9 | Mean total oxygen uptake at 20C (summed from skin and gill/lung uptake), air-breathing tadpole (stage XVI-XIX) body weight = 5.3 g +/- 1.2 SE | umol O2/g/hr | Not Reported | Tadpole | 8 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.5 SE | Laboratory | |
Metabolic Rate | 1.1 | Mean total oxygen uptake at 20C (summed from skin and lung uptake), body weight = 228.2 g +/- 70.3 SE | umol O2/g/hr | Not Reported | Adult | 6 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.1 SE | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | time to complete from egg through metamorphosis | mo | Not Reported | Not Reported | 300 | San Joaquin Experimental Range, O'Neals | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Body Weight - Mean | g | Not Reported | Not Reported | 300 | San Joaquin Experimental Range, O'Neals | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | frogs (12.1%); goldfish (30.3%); gastropods (12.4%); crayfish (9.3%); arachnida (4.4%); coleoptera adult (10.6%); hemiptera (8.2%); orthoptera (8.7%) | % of stomachs containing major (>4%) food items | % | Not Reported | Adult | 772 | goldfish pond, Richland | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Dietary Composition | frogs (13.0%); shiners (27.5%); gastropods (16.1%); crayfish (16.3%); arachnida (4.5%); coleoptera adult (10.5%); hemiptera (13.5%); orthoptera (5.8%); lepidoptera larvae (4.5%); odonata adult (4.2%) | % of stomachs containing major (>4%) food items | % | Not Reported | Adult | 553 | bait minnow pond, Richland | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutches or Litters per year | clutches/yr | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 175.9 | g | Both Male and Female | Adult | 30 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 8.16 SE | Laboratory | ||
Inhalation Rate | see citation | figure of breathing frequency (breaths/min) at various seasons, temperatures and oxygen levels | Both Male and Female | Adult | 6/group | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Growth Rate | mm/yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 22 | Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | early Apr. (begin), late Apr. - early May and late May - early June (peaks), July (end) | breeding season | Not Reported | Adult | 100 | lower Colorado River between Laguna and Morelos Dams | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Longevity | yr | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Edwin S. George Reserve, Ann Arbor | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Western Toad (Anaxyrus boreas formerly Bufo boreas)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | May - June | Not Reported | Tadpole | Not Reported | San Joaquin Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
Body Weight - Mean | 0.429 | g | Not Reported | 20 | San Joaquin Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | "newly metamorphosed toadlets" | 0.02 SE |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | range of mean oxygen consumption rates for 11 tadpole stages | ul O2/g wet wt./hr | Not Reported | Tadpole | 10-84/age group | Exposure Factor Datasets | Gosner stages 20-46 | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | 30.80 | Pulmonary oxygen uptake at 15C | ul O2/g/hr | Not Reported | 10 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
Metabolic Rate | 25.54 | Cutaneous oxygen uptake at 15C | ul O2/g/hr | Not Reported | 10 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
Metabolic Rate | 71.2 | Pulmonary oxygen uptake at 25C | ul O2/g/hr | Not Reported | 8 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
Metabolic Rate | 32.54 | Cutaneous oxygen uptake at 25C | ul O2/g/hr | Not Reported | 8 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
Metabolic Rate | 29.41 | Pulmonary oxygen uptake at 5C | ul O2/g/hr | Not Reported | 10 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
Metabolic Rate | 26.86 | Cutaneous oxygen uptake at 5C | ul O2/g/hr | Not Reported | 10 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | Log VO2 = 0.75(Log BW) - 2.43 | regression equation relating resting oxygen consumption (VO2; cm3 O2/min) to log body weight (BW; g) at 25-27C | cm3 O2/min | Not Reported | Not Reported | 13 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
Metabolic Rate | Log VO2 = 0.82(Log BW) - 1.40 | regression equation relating active oxygen consumption (VO2; cm3 O2/min) to log body weight (BW; g) at 25-27C | cm3 O2/min | Not Reported | Not Reported | 76 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
Body Weight - Mean | 22.5 | g | Not Reported | Not Reported | 76 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Coleoptera (23.3%); Diptera (0.4%); Hymenoptera (75.3%); Lepidoptera (0.6%); Orthoptera (0.4%); Arachnoida (3.0%) and Diplopoda (0.6%) | % frequency of occurrence of prey items in stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 7 | Northern Flathead Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | May - July | time of mating | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Deschutes and Linn counties (elev., 1220-1950m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla formerly Hyla regilla)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Torpor or Hibernation | July - Oct. | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Gorman (elev., 4000 ft) and Palmdale (elev., 2000 ft) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Growth Rate | 2 | increase in snout-vent length | mm/wk | Not Reported | Juvenile | 30 | Washington County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Collembola (8.2%); Lepidoptera larvae (14.8%); Hymenoptera (6.6%); Diptera adult (14.5%); Diptera larvae (8.2%); Coleoptera adults (32.8%); Coleoptera larvae (19.7%); Aranea (9.9%); Acarina (3.3%); Isopoda (9.9%); Chilopoda (4.9%); Pulmonata (11.3%); Megadrili (4.9%) | % frogs in which each item occurred in stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 61 | Lakeport (elev., 1300 ft) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Lake |
Dietary Composition | Collembola (1.4%); Lepidoptera larvae (4.1%); Hymenoptera (4.1%); Diptera adult (8.1%); Diptera larvae (1.4%); Coleoptera adults (14.9%); Coleoptera larvae (4.1%); Plecoptera (2.7%); Hemiptera (6.8%); Aranea (6.8%); Acarina (1.4%) | % frogs in which each item occurred in stomach contents | % | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 74 | Eureka | Exposure Factor Datasets | Humboldt |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | range of mean oxygen consumption rates measured at 20C | mm3 O2/g/hr | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 7/location and sex | captured in San Diego, Julian and Willows, CA | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | ||
Body Weight - Mean | 2.27 | g | Both Male and Female | Adult | 90 | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | May - Aug. | time of breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | South Fork Eel River, Branscomb [lat., 39^o44' N; long., 123^o39'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Body Weight - Mean | range of average weight at metamorphosis, tadpoles fed green algae in field enclosures | mg | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 16-24/group | South Fork Eel River, Branscomb [lat., 39^o44' N; long., 123^o39'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Body Weight - Mean | range of average weight at metamorphosis, tadpoles fed seston, detritus or blue green algae in field enclosures | mg | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 7-12/group | South Fork Eel River, Branscomb [lat., 39^o44' N; long., 123^o39'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | spring - summer | breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Mendocino | ||
Population Density | 16.25 | #/m2 | Both Male and Female | Tadpole | 27 quadrats | Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Mendocino | 7 SD |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | Feb. - June | time of breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Santa Monica Mountains | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | Jan. - June | time of breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | 85 pairs in amplexus | San Diego | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Boreal Toad (Anaxyrus boreas ssp. boreas formerly Bufo boreas ssp. boreas)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Torpor or Hibernation | Sept. - May | time of hibernation | Not Reported | Adult | 30 | Boulder county (elev., 2,975m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Northern Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora) formerly Rana aurora ssp. aurora
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 68.6 | annual minimal survival | % | Not Reported | Adult | 67 | White Rock, British Columbia | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Survival/ Mortality | 18.0 | annual minimal survival | % | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 256 | White Rock, British Columbia | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | see citation | figure of mean mass of larvae with and without bullfrog presence | Not Reported | Hatchling | 100-150 | field enclosures at E.E. Wilson Wildlife Refuge, Benton County | Exposure Factor Datasets | Gosner stage 25 larvae |
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | see citation | figure of mean time to metamorphosis with and without bullfrog presence | Not Reported | Hatchling | 100-150 | field enclosures at E.E. Wilson Wildlife Refuge, Benton County | Exposure Factor Datasets | Gosner stage 25 larvae |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | Feb. - Apr. | time of breeding and laying | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | White Rock, British Columbia | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | Feb. - Apr. | time of first observance of egg masses | Female | Adult | observations over 3 yrs | Marion Lake, southern British Columbia (elev., 300m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | |
Time of Hatching or Parturition | May | Not Reported | Embryo | observations over 3 yrs | Marion Lake, southern British Columbia (elev., 300m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | ||
Population Density | 500 | maximum reported density | #/m2 | Not Reported | Tadpole | Not Reported | Marion Lake, southern British Columbia (elev., 300m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | July - Oct. | Not Reported | Tadpole | Not Reported | Marion Lake, southern British Columbia (elev., 300m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | Jan. - Feb. | time of egg laying | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Corvallis | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Clutch or Litter Size | #/egg mass | Female | Adult | 6 egg masses | Corvallis | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | June - July | Not Reported | Tadpole | Not Reported | Corvallis | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Age at Sexual Maturity | 2 | yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Corvallis | Exposure Factor Datasets |
California Toad (Anaxyrus boreas ssp. halophilus formerly Bufo boreas ssp. halophilus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Isopoda (31.23%); Diplopoda (0.66%); Arachnida (2.14%); Orthoptera (0.35%); Dermaptera (2.65%); Coleoptera (54.06%); Lepidoptera (2.67%); Diptera (0.04%); Hymenoptera (5.92%); Unknown insects (0.3%) | % occurrence in fecal pellets examined | % | Not Reported | Adult | 320 fecal pellets/ 6 animals | residential lawn, Bakersfield [lat., 35^o21'N; long., 119^o09'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | California Counties | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 2.5 | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | one-yr or newly metamorphosed | Santa Cruz | |||
Growth Rate | see citation | figure of weight increase in juvenile toads maintained at various temperatures | Not Reported | Juvenile | 9-11 animals/group | Exposure Factor Datasets | one-yr or newly metamorphosed | Laboratory | |||
Food Ingestion Rate | see citation | figure of biomass of food ingested by juvenile toads maintained at various temperatures | Not Reported | Juvenile | 9-11 animals/group | Exposure Factor Datasets | one-yr or newly metamorphosed | Laboratory | |||
Metabolic Rate | see citation | figure of oxygen consumption measured at a series of temperatures | Not Reported | Juvenile | 9-11 animals/group | Exposure Factor Datasets | one-yr or newly metamorphosed | Laboratory |
California Red-legged Frog (Rana draytonii formerly Rana aurora ssp. draytonii)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | see citation | occurrence of 48 items (species) in digestive tracts | Not Reported | Not Reported | 31 frogs | Canada de la Gaviota and collections at California State Polytechnic University | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Santa Barbara |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
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Age at Sexual Maturity | yrs | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |